Healer Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences
type: channel
description: The Healer Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences (HJBHS) is an international, open-access, double-blind, peer-reviewed journal published biannually by Physio Rehab and Research Center (Pvt) Ltd. The journal is committed to advancing high-quality research across the biomedical, clinical, and health sciences and to making scientific evidence widely accessible for improved health outcomes, rehabilitation, and the betterment of society. HJBHS provides a multidisciplinary platform for research from biological sciences, medicine, allied health sciences, pharmacy, psychology, and related fields. The journal publishes original research articles, systematic and narrative reviews, case reports, short communications, special communications, editorials, and letters to the editor. All submissions undergo a double-blind peer-review process to ensure academic integrity, methodological rigor, and adherence to ethical research standards. The journal follows the DOAJ, COPE, and ICMJE recommendations and internationally recognized guidelines for research reporting and publication ethics. By promoting evidence-based practice and fostering collaboration among researchers, clinicians, educators, and health professionals worldwide, HJBHS bridges the gap between scientific discovery and practical healthcare application. Through its print and online-first publications, the journal supports global knowledge exchange that informs clinical decision-making, enriches academic dialogue, and drives innovation in biomedical and health sciences. For detailed information, please visit About the Journal Open-Access Statement The Healer Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences adheres to open-access principles as defined by the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). a). Articles may be read, downloaded, copied, distributed, printed, searched, or linked to in full. b). Content may be crawled for indexing and used for lawful academic and research purposes. c). No registration or subscription is r…
publisher: Physio Rehab and Research Center (Pvt) Ltd
language: en
publication name: Healer Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences
issn: 3106-4256
copyright: Copyright © The Authors. Healer Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences is published by PRRC (Pvt) Ltd
items: Dry Needling Versus Kinesiotaping for Upper Trapezius Trigger Points: A Randomized Controlled Trial
items: Virtual Reality–Based Physiotherapy and Its Impact on Functional Recovery in Stroke patients
items: Comparative Effectiveness of High and Low-Intensity Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Pain and Functional Recovery in Knee Osteoarthritis
items: Impact of Nd-YAG Laser Capsulotomy on Visual Acuity and Intraocular Pressure Pre-Procedure, 30 Minutes Post-Procedure, and After 15 Days
items: Role of Wearable Devices in Monitoring Rehabilitation Outcomes in Physiotherapy Patients
items: Central and Peripheral Contributions to Fatigue: Neurophysiological Correlates of Endurance Exercise
items: Prevalence, Dietary Patterns and Associations with Body Weight among Women of Reproductive Age in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: Association Between Periodontal Disease Severity and Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
items: Cognitive Effects of Daily Screen Time Habits among Early Adolescents
items: Contemporary Perspectives on Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Integrating Precision Medicine, Minimally Invasive Techniques, and Long-Term Outcomes
items: Neuroplastic Changes Associated with Speech Therapy in Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation
items: Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training Integrated Rehabilitation on Post-Operative Recovery after Cardiac Surgery
items: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Present Utilization, Key Challenges, and Emerging Opportunities
items: Assessment of Speech Intelligibility and Its Influencing Factors in Hearing-Impaired Children
items: Pre-hypertension, Hypertension, and Obesity among Banking Employees in Lahore: A Cross-Sectional Study

Dry Needling Versus Kinesiotaping for Upper Trapezius Trigger Points: A Randomized Controlled Trial
type: item
description: Background: Myofascial pain syndrome involving the upper trapezius is a common musculoskeletal problem in adult males and is frequently associated with active trigger points, increased pain sensitivity, and changes in muscle structure. Objective: To compare the effects of dry needling and inhibitory Kinesio taping on pressure pain threshold and muscle thickness in males with upper trapezius myofascial pain syndrome. Methodology: This single-blinded randomized controlled trial included 60 male participants presenting with active trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle. Participants were randomly assigned to three equal groups. Group 1 underwent dry needling, Group 2 received inhibitory Kinesio taping, and Group 3 acted as the control group without intervention. Pressure pain threshold was measured using a pressure algometer, while ultrasound imaging was used to determine muscle thickness. Participants were excluded if they had a previous cervical spine surgery, neurological disease, systemic inflammatory condition, bleeding disorder, or were using anticoagulant drugs. Outcomes were recorded at baseline, on the 5th day after intervention, and again on the 10th day. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic and baseline data. Repeated-measure ANOVA was used to examine changes within groups and differences between groups over time. Results: Both the dry needling and inhibitory Kinesio taping groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in pressure pain threshold following intervention (p<0.001) and significant reductions in upper trapezius muscle thickness (p<0.05). Both interventions were superior to the control group, which showed no significant changes in either outcome. No statistically significant difference was observed between the two treatment groups. Conclusion: Dry needling and inhibitory Kinesio taping were both beneficial in decreasing pain sensitivity and reducing muscle thickness in males with active trigger points in the upper tr…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Dry needling
  topic: keywords
subject: Inhibitory Kinesio taping
  topic: keywords
subject: Muscle thickness
  topic: keywords
subject: Myofascial pain syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Pressure pain threshold
  topic: keywords
subject: Upper trapezius
  topic: keywords
creator: Hira Younis
creator: Mohammad Ali Khan
creator: Imrana Aziz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hira Younis, Mohammad Ali Khan, Imrana Aziz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 8
ending page: 16
doi: 10.55735/xvb47321

Virtual Reality–Based Physiotherapy and Its Impact on Functional Recovery in Stroke patients
type: item
description: Background: Stroke remains a leading cause of long-term disability, which affects motor function, balance, coordination, and daily activities. Virtual reality-based physiotherapy has emerged as an innovative approach, offering immersive, task-oriented rehabilitation environments. Objective: To review and synthesize recent evidence (2019-2025) on the effectiveness of VR-based physiotherapy in improving functional recovery among stroke patients. Methodology: This review employed a structured narrative synthesis guided by PRISMA to ensure transparent and systematic reporting of evidence on Virtual Reality–based physiotherapy in stroke rehabilitation. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, and the Cochrane Library identified studies published between January 2019 and June 2025. Free-text keywords and MeSH terms related to stroke, Virtual reality rehabilitation, physiotherapy, and functional recovery were combined using Boolean operators. Citations were managed and deduplicated in reference software, followed by title, abstract, and full-text screening per PRISMA criteria. Eligible studies included randomised controlled trials, controlled trials, and systematic reviews examining virtual reality interventions and functional outcomes such as motor recovery, balance, gait, and ADLs. Non-English papers, cognitive-only virtual reality studies, abstracts, and mixed populations without stroke-specific data were excluded. Data were extracted using a standardized template covering study design, virtual reality type, intervention dosage, and outcomes. Methodological quality was appraised (PEDro for trials), enabling a rigorous qualitative synthesis of contemporary evidence. Results: Evidence consistently demonstrates that virtual reality-based rehabilitation improves motor function, postural control, and functional independence compared with conventional therapy alone. Meta-analyses report superior gains in upper limb recovery, dexterity, and task…
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Functional recovery
  topic: keywords
subject: Neurorehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: Virtual reality-based physiotherapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Seher
creator: Farah Manzoor
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Seher, Farah Manzoor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 9
ending page: 17
doi: 10.55735/sf933t97

Comparative Effectiveness of High and Low-Intensity Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Pain and Functional Recovery in Knee Osteoarthritis
type: item
description: Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder, especially among the elderly population. It is characterized by chronic pain, stiffness, and impaired ability to perform routine activities, ultimately affecting mobility and overall quality of life. Consequently, there is a need for effective, safe, and non-invasive interventions to alleviate symptoms and enhance functional outcomes. Objective: To compare the effects of high-intensity versus low-intensity transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain relief and functional improvement in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was carried out involving 52 patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. Patients with a history of knee joint surgery, intra-articular steroid injection within the last three months, neurological disorders, uncontrolled systemic diseases, use of pacemakers or other implants, severe deformity, or inflammatory joint diseases were excluded from the study. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: one treated with high-intensity transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and the other with low-intensity. Each group underwent eight physiotherapy sessions, conducted three times per week over a specified duration. Pain levels and functional status were measured before and after the intervention using reliable and validated assessment tools. Within-group changes in pain and functional outcomes were assessed using paired t-tests. For comparisons between the study groups, independent t-tests or Mann–Whitney U tests were applied. Results: Both intervention groups exhibited significant reductions in pain and improvements in functional performance following treatment. The group receiving high-intensity transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation showed a statistically greater decrease in pain compared to the low-intensity group (p<0.05). Functional gains were comparable between the two groups, with no significant difference…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Functional recovery
  topic: keywords
subject: Knee osteoarthritis
  topic: keywords
subject: Pain management
  topic: keywords
subject: Physiotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Visual Analogue Scale
  topic: keywords
subject: Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation Sciences
  topic: subjects
subject: Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation Sciences
  topic: disciplines
creator: Piryanka Lohana
creator: Syed Muhammad Tayyab Ul Hassan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Piryanka Lohana, Syed Muhammad Tayyab Ul Hassan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 17
ending page: 26
doi: 10.55735/1gzbmm56

Impact of Nd-YAG Laser Capsulotomy on Visual Acuity and Intraocular Pressure Pre-Procedure, 30 Minutes Post-Procedure, and After 15 Days
type: item
description: Background: Posterior capsular opacification is a common problem after cataract surgery that causes blurred vision. Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy is used to improve vision, but its effects on visual acuity and short-term changes in eye pressure need evaluation. Objective: To evaluate the impact of Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy on visual acuity and intraocular pressure. Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2023 at the College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. A convenience sampling technique was used to recruit 40 patients aged 50 years, and posterior capsular opacification with reduced visual acuity was included in this study. The patients having corneal diseases, retinal diseases, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and any other pathology were excluded. Before performing any test, the procedure was explained, and informed consent was taken. Visual acuity was measured and recorded using an ETDRS chart both prior to and following a 30-minute YAG laser capsulotomy. Intraocular pressure was then assessed using a non-contact air puff tonometer, and the results showed that intraocular pressure values greater than 20mmHg suggest a post-laser spike in intraocular pressure. The mean and standard deviation were used to calculate quantitative variables, whereas frequency and percentages were used to quantify qualitative factors. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used to compare pre-procedure and post-procedure results. Results: All patients initially had visual acuity 1.0 log MAR, with 37 having intraocular pressure 10-21mmHg and 3 having intraocular pressure <10mmHg. After 30 minutes, visual acuity improved significantly in all patients, while post-intraocular pressure and p-values did not show significant results. The comparison between 30 minutes and 15 days was statistically significant for both intraocular pressure and visual acuity (p<0.001). Overall, the results showed improvement in visual acuity…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Capsular opacification
  topic: keywords
subject: Intraocular pressure
  topic: keywords
subject: Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy
  topic: keywords
subject: Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser
  topic: keywords
subject: Visual acuity
  topic: keywords
subject: Ophthalmology & Allied Vision Sciences
  topic: subjects
subject: Ophthalmology & Allied Vision Sciences
  topic: disciplines
creator: Nimra Saddique
creator: Muhammad Awais Asghar
creator: Sobia Iqbal
creator: Zaryab Khan
creator: Ummara Rasheed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nimra Saddique, Muhammad Awais Asghar, Sobia Iqbal, Zaryab Khan, Ummara Rasheed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.55735/5pwms454

Role of Wearable Devices in Monitoring Rehabilitation Outcomes in Physiotherapy Patients
type: item
description: Background: In physiotherapy, keeping track of how patients recover is very important. Usually, therapists rely on clinic visits, short physical tests, or patient feedback. This means small changes in daily activity or function may not always be noticed. Recently, wearable devices have started being used more in rehabilitation. These small gadgets can track movement, activity, and other body signals continuously, even outside the clinic. Objective: To explore the role of wearable devices in monitoring rehabilitation outcomes in physiotherapy patients. Methodology: We conducted this systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines to evaluate experimental studies using wearable devices to monitor rehabilitation outcomes in physiotherapy patients (2015–2025). Studies included musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiac, and pulmonary patients using devices such as smartwatches, motion sensors, IMUs, and biofeedback tools. Only experimental designs published in English were included, while reviews, case reports, and studies on healthy participants were excluded. Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar) were searched using combined keywords. After screening 1,268 records and removing duplicates, 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data on study design, devices, outcomes, and findings were extracted and synthesized qualitatively due to heterogeneity. Independent reviewers ensured unbiased selection, providing a structured evaluation of wearable technology in rehabilitation monitoring. Results: A total of thirty studies met the inclusion criteria. Wearable devices were used to track activity levels, walking patterns, joint movements, muscle activity, and other body signals during rehabilitation. Many studies showed that wearable data reflected improvements in function and helped therapists follow patient progress more closely. However, studies differed in design, device types, outcome measures, and rehab programs. Conclusion: Wearable devices seem use…
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Functional recovery assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Physiotherapy rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Rehabilitation outcome monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Remote patient monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Wearable devices
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarwat Mehmood
creator: Farah Manzoor
creator: Zainab Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sarwat Mehmood, Farah Manzoor, Zainab Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.55735/bx6h5j73

Central and Peripheral Contributions to Fatigue: Neurophysiological Correlates of Endurance Exercise
type: item
description: Background: Fatigue during prolonged endurance exercise arises from both muscular and central nervous system factors. The brain and spinal cord contribute to performance decline, the interaction between central and peripheral mechanisms is not fully understood. Objective: To investigate the indication of central and peripheral fatigue during endurance exercise. It aims to identify the neurophysiological changes that contribute to performance decline and increased perception of effort. Methodology: In this study, 80 trained adult athletes of the Punjab Sports Board were recruited, and all were physically healthy, without any neuromuscular disease, and aged between 18 and 35. Participants were instructed to refrain from hard exercise, caffeine, and alcohol for 24 hours before testing and to take a light meal at least two hours before exercise. Trained athletes did an endurance cycling test till they were exhausted. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to see central fatigue, and electromyography checked muscle activity, conduction speed, and amplitude for the peripheral side. Near-infrared spectroscopy looked at muscle oxygen levels. Participants also gave their exertion rating. Testing to determine fatigue markers was done using a cycle ergometer. Paired-sample t-tests were made to compare pre- and post-intervention values. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to examine associations between central markers. Results: After cycling, motor-evoked potentials dropped from 5.8±0.6 mV to 4.2±0.5 mV, so central fatigue was clear. Electromyography conduction speed fell (4.5±0.3 to 3.8±0.4 m/s) and amplitude too (2.1±0.2 to 1.6±0.2 mV), meaning muscles were tiring. Near-infrared spectroscopy showed oxygenation going down from 72±5% to 58±6%. Perceived effort increased from 12±2 to 18±1. Correlation showed a moderate link (r=0.46, p<0.05) between central and peripheral changes, so both sides were involved together. Conclusion: Endurance fatigue in trained adu…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Central fatigue
  topic: keywords
subject: Electroencephalography
  topic: keywords
subject: Endurance exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: Muscle oxygenation
  topic: keywords
subject: Peripheral fatigue
  topic: keywords
creator: Waqar Shahid
creator: Sajawal Bashir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Waqar Shahid, Sajawal Bashir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.55735/eyg9f809

Prevalence, Dietary Patterns and Associations with Body Weight among Women of Reproductive Age in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: Overweight and obesity are widely emerging among women of reproductive age in Pakistan. Changes in lifestyle and dietary habits, sedentary lifestyles, and reduced physical activity contribute to unhealthy weight gain, risk of metabolic disorders, and pregnancy-related complications. Objective: To determine the prevalence of BMI categories, characterize dietary and lifestyle patterns, and assess their associations with body weight among women aged 25 to 40 years in Pakistan. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 200 women aged 25–40 from urban and semi-urban areas. Only non-pregnant, non-lactating women willing to participate were included, while those with chronic illnesses affecting weight were excluded. Participants provided informed consent and were briefed about the study. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Major dietary patterns were identified via factor analysis, primarily Principal Component Analysis with varimax rotation. Associations between diet patterns and BMI were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression to determine the likelihood of being overweight or obese based on diet pattern scores. Results: Among participants, 30% were overweight, and 14% were obese; 48% had a normal body mass index, and 8% were underweight. Two dominant patterns emerged: a traditional home-cooked pattern (high intake of roti, rice, lentils, and vegetables) and a high-fat/snacking pattern (fried foods, sugary drinks, and packaged snacks). Women with high adherence to the high-fat/snacking pattern combined with low physical activity had significantly higher odds of being overweight or obese (p<0.01). Regular exercise, daily fruit intake, and consistent breakfast consumption were associated with healthier body mass index levels. Conclusion: Excess body weight is highly prevalent among Pakistani women aged 25 to 40 years. Diets high in fried foods and sugary snacks, along with low physical activ…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Dietary patterns
  topic: keywords
subject: Exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthy eating
  topic: keywords
subject: Obesity
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Reproductive age
  topic: keywords
creator: Moha Akram Khan
creator: Shahryar Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arooj Fatima (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 15
ending page: 20
doi: 10.55735/cvn13s02

Association Between Periodontal Disease Severity and Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
type: item
description: Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are interconnected chronic conditions linked through inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Prolonged hyperglycemia promotes the formation of advanced glycation end products and increases pro-inflammatory cytokine release, accelerating periodontal tissue breakdown. Untreated periodontal disease can increase systemic inflammation and negatively affect glycemic regulation. Objective: To determine the association between periodontal disease severity and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to examine whether poor glycemic control predicts greater periodontal tissue loss. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 120 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Periodontal status was evaluated using the Community Periodontal Index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. Glycemic control was assessed using glycated hemoglobin values extracted from medical records. Patients who had any systemic disease that directly affects periodontal tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis or connective-tissue disorders, were excluded. We also excluded pregnant females and patients who had periodontal treatment in the past three months to avoid changes in baseline readings. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and multivariate linear regression adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, duration of diabetes, and oral hygiene practices. Results: Among the 120 participants (mean age 52.7±8.6 years), 65% had poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥8%). Patients with poor control exhibited significantly higher mean PPD (5.0±1.1 mm) and clinical attachment level (4.7±1.0 mm) compared with those having HbA1c <7% (PPD 3.5±0.8 mm; clinical attachment level 3.1±0.9 mm) (p<0.001). HbA1c demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with CAL (r=0.43, p<0.001). On multivariate regression, HbA1c remained an independent predictor of periodontal destruction (β=0.37, p<0.01) after adjustin…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Glycemic control
  topic: keywords
subject: Hyperglycemia
  topic: keywords
subject: Periodontitis
  topic: keywords
subject: Type 2 diabetes mellitus
  topic: keywords
creator: Osama Khalil
creator: Muhammad Asad Riaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Osama Khalil (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 8
ending page: 14
doi: 10.55735/d15xay15

Cognitive Effects of Daily Screen Time Habits among Early Adolescents
type: item
description: Background: Screen time has become a normal part of daily life for early adolescents. Many young students switch between schoolwork, videos, gaming, and social media throughout the day. Some of this use is helpful and even necessary, especially for learning. However, long hours on screens are concerning and affect attention, memory, and overall thinking skills. Sleep disturbance caused by late-night screen use may also influence how well students perform in school. Objective: To explore how daily screen-time habits relate to basic cognitive functions in early adolescents aged 11 to 14 years. The focus was on attention, working memory, processing speed, and sleep quality. Methodology: This study used a cross-sectional design to examine associations between screen-time habits and cognitive functioning in early adolescents. We recruited 100 students, aged 12 to 14 years, from four different schools. Schools were selected through convenience sampling within the local region; within each school, students were approached randomly during regular school hours after obtaining permission from school authorities and parental consent. Students with known neurological, developmental, or serious health conditions were excluded to avoid confounding. Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire capturing their daily screen-time habits. Participants completed a short sleep-quality scale, adapted from existing sleep questionnaires, to report usual bedtime, wake-up time, sleep disturbances, and subjective sleep quality. Cognitive assessment of participants was carried out using standardized short tasks. Pearson correlation analyses were conducted to explore linear relationships and multiple linear regression models were constructed to test the predictive value. Results: Students who spent more than three hours a day on recreational screens, especially at night, showed lower attention and weaker working-memory scores. Their reaction times were slower, and many reported …
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Attention
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Functioning
  topic: keywords
subject: Screen time habits
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep disturbance
  topic: keywords
subject: Working memory
  topic: keywords
creator: Usama Binn Siddique
creator: Rubab Adil
creator: Wafa Kaynaat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Usama Binn Siddique, Rubab Adil, Wafa Kaynaat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 21
ending page: 27
doi: 10.55735/yytb2817

Contemporary Perspectives on Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Integrating Precision Medicine, Minimally Invasive Techniques, and Long-Term Outcomes
type: item
description: Coronary artery bypass grafting is the gold standard for surgical revascularization of complex coronary artery disease. Three decades have passed since CABG was developed, and with it, there have been developments in choices of conduit, cardiopulmonary technology, and perioperative management that have significantly enhanced survival and quality of life. However, advanced technology and precision medicine are now transforming the CABG model from mass-produced surgical practice to more individualized, data-driven care. Post-genomic biomarker risk profiling, artificial intelligence-driven risk prediction, and machine learning-powered imaging have made patient-specific risk stratification and conduit optimization possible. This has been followed by minimally invasive direct CABG, robotically assisted CABG, and hybrid revascularization methods, expanding the therapeutic armamentarium with less injury and quicker rehabilitation, but with preserved long-term graft patency. They have performed equally or better in carefully chosen populations but have been encumbered by their wider application by procedure complexity, cost, and the unavailability of large-scale randomized trials with precision-guided methods. There is increasing evidence that the incorporation of multi-arterial grafting, AI-driven perioperative planning, and personalized pharmacogenomic therapy will continue to improve graft survival and long-term cardiovascular outcomes. However, there are significant knowledge gaps in how best to incorporate precision technologies, patient selection for minimally invasive operations, and the ethics of AI-driven decision-making. Coronary artery disease multivessel and complex revascularization by CABG are more or less the same, signifying long-term survival and durability. Sixty years since its beginning, Conclusion: CABG is still developing as a biological science of genomics, engineering, data science, and surgical innovation. In the modern era, the development of the s…
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Coronary artery bypass grafting
  topic: keywords
subject: Genomics and pharmacogenomics
  topic: keywords
subject: Hybrid coronary revascularization
  topic: keywords
subject: Minimally invasive surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: Robotic-assisted CABG
  topic: keywords
creator: Naosheen Ashiq
creator: Farhan Mukhtar
creator: Shahzaib Hassan
creator: Iram Hassan
creator: Asia Altaf
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Naosheen Ashiq, Farhan Mukhtar, Shahzaib Hassan, Iram Hassan, Asia Altaf (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 28
ending page: 40
doi: 10.55735/bhda6w26

Neuroplastic Changes Associated with Speech Therapy in Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation
type: item
description: Background: Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of acquired communication disorders in Pakistan, often resulting in long-term speech and language impairments. Despite growing awareness of the link between speech therapy and neural recovery, local research exploring neuroplastic changes remains limited. Objective: To investigate the neuroplastic changes associated with structured speech therapy among traumatic brain injury patients undergoing rehabilitation at Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, and to evaluate its effectiveness in improving speech performance and functional communication. Methodology: A mixed-methods design was employed with 20 adult participants diagnosed with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, aged between 18 and 55 years were recruited through purposive sampling, verified through CT or MRI imaging, with a post-injury duration of three to twelve months, and the presence of speech or language impairments as determined by the Western Aphasia Battery. Patients with progressive neurological disorders, notable hearing loss, or psychiatric comorbidities were excluded from the study. Each received individualized speech therapy sessions three times a week for 12 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included functional MRI and EEG scans to track cortical reorganization, along with standardized speech evaluations measuring articulation, fluency, and intelligibility. The qualitative insights were gathered through semi-structured interviews with patients and caregivers. Differences in pre- and post-intervention speech performance were evaluated using paired t-tests, and correlations between neuroimaging and behavioral outcomes were determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Neuroimaging revealed increased cortical activation in perilesional and contralateral hemispheres post-therapy. Statistically notable improvements were observed in articulation clarity and verbal fluency (p<0.05). Participants also reported enhanced conf…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Cognitive linguistic therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Functional neuroimaging
  topic: keywords
subject: Neuroplastic changes
  topic: keywords
subject: Speech therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Traumatic brain injury
  topic: keywords
creator: Samaiah Wasti
creator: Kiran Samdani
creator: Azmat Tahira
creator: Osama Khalil
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Healer Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 16
ending page: 22
doi: 10.55735/c6c2st42

Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training Integrated Rehabilitation on Post-Operative Recovery after Cardiac Surgery
type: item
description: Background: Cardiac surgery commonly leads to reduced lung capacity, weak respiratory muscles, and limited mobility during the early post-operative period. In Pakistan, structured cardiac rehabilitation is not routinely practiced, and Respiratory Muscle Training is rarely included as part of standard physiotherapy. Considering limited resources and the high burden of post-operative complications, there is a need to assess simple, low-cost interventions that can support faster recovery in local cardiac care units. Objective: To evaluate the effect of integrating respiratory muscle training into a structured rehabilitation program on post-operative recovery among cardiac surgery patients in Pakistan. Methodology: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan, from August to November 2024. A total of 60 post-operative cardiac surgery patients were recruited through non-probability consecutive sampling and allocated into an intervention group (n=30) and a control group (n=30). The intervention group received respiratory muscle training-integrated rehabilitation, including incentive spirometry, diaphragmatic breathing, inspiratory muscle training using a threshold device, early mobilization, and graded functional activity for 7 consecutive days. The control group received routine post-operative physiotherapy. Lung function tests, inspiratory muscle strength, and functional capacity were recorded on day 1 and 7. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26, with p <0.05 considered significant. Paired t-tests were used to compare pre- and post-intervention results within each group, while independent t-tests compared changes between groups. Results: The intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in lung function tests, inspiratory muscle strength, and 6-minute walk test distance (p<0.01) compared to the control group. Reduced pulmonary complications and a shorter hospital stay were also observed. Conclusion: Re…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Cardiac rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardiac surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: Post-operative recovery
  topic: keywords
subject: Pulmonary function
  topic: keywords
subject: Respiratory muscle training
  topic: keywords
creator: Hira Khalil
creator: Sara Afzal
creator: Sobia Iqbal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Healer Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 23
ending page: 30
doi: 10.55735/m9tpbq69

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Present Utilization, Key Challenges, and Emerging Opportunities
type: item
description: Background: Artificial Intelligence has rapidly emerged as a transformative force in healthcare, supporting advancements in clinical practice, diagnostics, treatment planning, and health system management. Its integration has improved accuracy, efficiency, and personalised patient care. However, alongside these advancements, significant challenges hinder its optimal utilization and widespread adoption. Objective: This review aims to examine the current utilization of AI in healthcare, identify key challenges associated with its development and implementation, and highlight emerging opportunities that can shape the future of AI-driven healthcare. Methodology: A narrative review methodology was adopted. Relevant peer-reviewed articles, reports, and policy documents published between 2014 and 2024 were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Keywords included “Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare,” “AI Applications,” “Healthcare Challenges,” and “Opportunities in AI.” Literature was screened for relevance and synthesised to provide an overview of current applications, challenges, and future opportunities. Results: AI is currently utilized in diagnostic imaging, predictive analytics, clinical decision support, telemedicine, robotic surgery, drug discovery, and personalised medicine. These applications contribute to faster diagnosis, improved treatment outcomes, and enhanced healthcare efficiency. However, adoption remains limited due to challenges such as data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, high implementation costs, lack of clinician training, and insufficient regulatory clarity. Emerging opportunities include explainable AI, enhanced data governance, interdisciplinary collaboration, and increased access to AI-driven tools through scalable digital health solutions. Conclusion: AI holds substantial potential to advance healthcare delivery. Addressing existing challenges through ethical practices, strengthened regulations, capacity buildi…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical applications
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical and future directions
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Regulatory frameworks
  topic: keywords
creator: Sara Afzal
creator: Areeba Tariq
creator: Zaryab Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Healer Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 31
ending page: 36
doi: 10.55735/prw4rf59

Assessment of Speech Intelligibility and Its Influencing Factors in Hearing-Impaired Children
type: item
description: Background: Background: Speech intelligibility is a key determinant of communication ability in children with hearing impairment. Limitations in auditory input, delayed amplification, and inadequate speech therapy often lead to reduced intelligibility, affecting language, learning, and social interaction. Objective: To assess speech intelligibility in hearing-impaired children and identify the primary factors influencing intelligibility outcomes, including degree of hearing loss, age at intervention, type of amplification device, and duration of speech therapy. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 5-12 years with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss using hearing aids or cochlear implants for at least one year. They were attending speech or auditory-verbal therapy and were able to speak in short phrases. Children who had additional intellectual or motor problems, inconsistent device use, or mixed hearing loss were not included. Speech intelligibility was evaluated using standardized speech samples rated by trained listeners on a five-point scale. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from audiological records and caregiver interviews. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for number-based data, and percentages were used for categories. Statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation and multiple regression, were applied to determine the predictors of intelligibility. Results: Findings revealed that children with mild to moderate hearing loss demonstrated significantly higher intelligibility scores than those with severe to profound loss (p<0.05). Earlier fitting of amplification devices and greater duration of speech therapy were strongly associated with improved intelligibility. Children using cochlear implants generally outperformed those using hearing aids, though individual variability was observed. Conclusion: Speech intelligibility in hearing-impaired children is influenced by multiple interrelated factors.…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Auditory rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Children's hearing impairment
  topic: keywords
subject: Cochlear implant
  topic: keywords
subject: Hearing aid
  topic: keywords
subject: Speech intelligibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Speech therapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Azmat Tahira
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Healer Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 8
ending page: 15
doi: 10.55735/esk5mz69

Pre-hypertension, Hypertension, and Obesity among Banking Employees in Lahore: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: Hypertension is a major non-communicable disease and a growing public health concern in Pakistan. Sedentary work patterns, limited physical activity, and psychosocial stress significantly contribute to its rising prevalence. Occupational groups such as banking employees, who face prolonged sitting and high work pressure, are particularly prone to cardiovascular risk factors. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pre-hypertension, hypertension, and obesity among banking employees in Lahore, Pakistan, and assess their association with clinical and behavioral risk factors. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 banking employees from five major commercial banks in Lahore using stratified random sampling. The study population comprised full-time employees aged 22–55 years, including clerical staff, customer service officers, and mid-level management. Employees with known secondary hypertension, severe cardiovascular disease, pregnancy, or any condition limiting participation in physical assessments were excluded. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic factors, physical activity, dietary habits, smoking, and perceived stress. Blood pressure was recorded using standard protocols, and body mass index and waist circumference were measured. Chi-square tests assessed associations between blood pressure and risk factors, while logistic regression identified independent predictors. Results: The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension was 34.8% and 29.6%, respectively. Overweight and obesity were found in 36.0% and 28.8% of participants, respectively, while central obesity affected 42.0% of participants. Elevated blood pressure was more common among males, employees over 40 years old, those with a higher body mass index, and those with low physical activity. Logistic regression identified obesity, central obesity, age, and perceived stress as independent predictors (p<0.05). Conclusion:…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Banking employees
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardiovascular risk
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: Obesity
  topic: keywords
subject: Pre-hypertension
  topic: keywords
creator: Sajawal Bashir
creator: Gohar Javaid
creator: Rabiya Haroon
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Healer Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.55735/64th3z77