Manuscript Preparation

• Title: The title should be concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
• Running title: Write a short running title on the title page.
• Author names and affiliations: Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the city and country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
• Corresponding author: Indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that the e-mail addresses and contact numbers are given. The corresponding author details should be included on the title page.
• Abstract: The structured abstract should comprise the following: Background, Objective, Methodology, Results, Conclusion. A concise and factual abstract is required of a maximum of 300 words. The abstract should state the purpose of the research briefly, the principal results, and the major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, references should be avoided. Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential, they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
• Keywords: Immediately after the abstract, provide 4 – 6 keywords aligned with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Avoid general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
• Units and Abbreviations: This journal does not favor abbreviations in the text. However, 95% CI, SD, OR, RR, MD, and such commonly used terms do not require spelling out in full at first mention (they would usually appear within parentheses), but even when presented outside of parentheses, these do not require defining. The journal uses an approved list of units and abbreviations.
• Introduction: State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
• Methodology: Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized and indicated by a reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described.
• Results: Results should be clear and concise. Present key findings using tables and figures where appropriate.
• Discussion: This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature. Interpret findings, acknowledge limitations, and compare with existing research.
• Conclusion: The main conclusion of the study should be presented in a short concluding paragraph after the end of the discussion section. Summarize the study’s significance and implications.
• Conflict of Interest: To prevent the information on potential conflict of interest for authors from being overlooked or misplaced, that information must therefore also be included as a single line in the manuscript.
• Figures & Tables: Ensure that each figure has a caption that comprises a brief title or a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum, but explain all symbols and abbreviations used. Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Write captions below the table and place them next to the relevant text in the article. Number the tables consecutively following their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. The maximum number of tables/figures to be included is 4; however, in some cases, additional ones may be considered due to their importance.

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References

• Follow Vancouver style with a minimum of 20 references.
• Number references sequentially as they appear in the text.
• For three authors or fewer, list all; for more than three, use “et al.”
• Use the full journal title or “non-abbreviated journal name”.
• All references mentioned in the reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa.
• Permission has been obtained for the use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet).

Reference Examples:

• Journal Article: Smith JJ, Brown L, Taylor R. Effects of physiotherapy on shoulder rehabilitation outcomes. Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences. 2022;35(4):245–52.
• Online Document: Doe J. Guidelines for clinical practice in rehabilitation. [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2021 [cited 2025 Dec 16]. Available from: https://www.who.int/rehabilitation-guidelines
• Book: Miller K, Johnson P. Clinical Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice. 2nd ed. London: Elsevier; 2020.
• Chapter in an Edited Book: Williams R, Chen T. Physical therapy interventions for stroke patients. In: Harris M, editor. Advances in Rehabilitation Medicine. New York: Springer; 2019. p. 101–20.

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Ethical Considerations

• Ethics Approval and Consent: Provide ethics committee details and reference numbers for studies involving humans or animals.
• Consent for Publication: Obtain written consent for any identifiable information, including case reports.
• Conflict of Interest: Declare all financial and non-financial competing interests.
• Funding Transparency: Disclose all funding sources and their roles in the study.

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Post-Acceptance Process

• Proofreading and Copyediting: Manuscripts are reviewed for language, clarity, and formatting.
• DOI Assignment: Each article is assigned a unique DOI for permanent access.
• Proof Approval: Authors must review and approve final proofs before publication.
• Publication Timeline: Whole process from submission to peer review and final publication post acceptance, may take 8-12 weeks.

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Open Access Policy

This is an open-access journal; all articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), will be free for everyone to read, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction with proper attribution.

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Human Rights

If the work involves the use of human subjects, the author should ensure that the work described has been carried out following ‘The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association’ (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving humans. Authors should include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed.

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Conflict of Interest

To prevent the information on potential conflict of interest for authors from being overlooked or misplaced, that information must be part of the manuscript. It should therefore also be included as a single line in the manuscript.

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Submission Declaration and Verification

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract, a published lecture, or academic thesis, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright holder. If additional papers have or will be published with any overlap of the current dataset, it is the authors’ responsibility to notify the editor at the time of submission.

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Changes to Authorship

Authors are expected to consider the list and the order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal editor. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in the author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal, or rearrangement. In the case of the addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed. The editor can consider the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted only in exceptional circumstances. While the editor considers the request, the publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests approved by the editor will result in a corrigendum.

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Clinical Trial Results

The policy of HJBHS regarding clinical trial registration is consistent with the position of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Results may be posted in the same clinical trials registry in which primary registration resides. This will not be considered to be a prior publication if the results are posted in the form of a brief, structured (less than 500 words) abstract or table. However, divulging results in other circumstances (e.g., investors’ meetings) is discouraged and may jeopardize consideration of the manuscript. Authors should fully disclose all postings in registries of results of the same or closely related work.

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Reporting Clinical Trials

Randomized controlled trials should be presented according to the CONSORT guidelines. At manuscript submission, authors must provide the CONSORT checklist accompanied by a flow chart/diagram that illustrates the progress of patients through the trial, including recruitment, enrollment, randomization, withdrawal, and completion, and a detailed description of the randomization procedure.

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Registration of Clinical Trials

Registration in a public trial registry is a condition for publication of clinical trials in this journal following ICJME recommendations. Trials must register at or before the onset of patient enrollment. The clinical trial registration number should be included at the end of the abstract of the article. A clinical trial is defined as any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects of health outcomes. Purely observational studies (those in which the assignment of the medical intervention is not at the discretion of the investigator) will not require registration.

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Authorship Letter

The corresponding author has to submit an authorship letter at the time of submission of the manuscript, duly signed by all co-authors, along with a description of their contributions, affiliations, and email addresses. Declaration of any potential conflict of interest, transfer of copyrights, and funding will also be mentioned in it.

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Informed Consent and Patient Details

Studies on patients or volunteers require ethics committee approval and informed consent, which should be documented in the paper. Appropriate consents, permissions, and releases must be obtained where an author wishes to include case details or other personal information or images of patients and any other individuals in HJBHS publications. Written consents must be retained by the author, but copies should not be provided to the journal. Only if specifically requested by the journal in exceptional circumstances, the author must provide copies of the consents or evidence.

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Double-Blind Peer-Review

This journal operates a double-blind review process. All contributions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Manuscripts deemed suitable are then typically sent to two independent expert reviewers (one national and one international) to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding the acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor’s decision is final.

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Editorials

HJBHS publishes editorials on scientific or professional issues of biomedical and health sciences matters and innovations in each issue. Editorials are usually commissioned; however, anyone wishing to write an editorial should contact the Journal Editor for discussion about the topic. Editorials should be no more than 1500 words with a maximum of three authors and 20 references. Commissioned editorials are not formally peer-reviewed, but may be subject to informal review. Non-commissioned editorials will be formally peer-reviewed.

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Final Submission Checklist

The following list will be useful during the final checking of an article before sending it to the journal for review. All necessary files have been uploaded. Ensure that the following items are present:

• One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:
  • Institution affiliation
  • E-mail address
• Keywords
• All figure and table captions
• All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
• Further considerations
• The manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-checked. References are in the correct format for this journal.
• All references mentioned in the reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet)