Pre-hypertension, Hypertension, and Obesity among Banking Employees in Lahore: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major non-communicable disease and a growing public health concern in Pakistan. Sedentary work patterns, limited physical activity, and psychosocial stress significantly contribute to its rising prevalence. Occupational groups such as banking employees, who face prolonged sitting and high work pressure, are particularly prone to cardiovascular risk factors. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pre-hypertension, hypertension, and obesity among banking employees in Lahore, Pakistan, and assess their association with clinical and behavioral risk factors. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 banking employees from five major commercial banks in Lahore using stratified random sampling. The study population comprised full-time employees aged 22–55 years, including clerical staff, customer service officers, and mid-level management. Employees with known secondary hypertension, severe cardiovascular disease, pregnancy, or any condition limiting participation in physical assessments were excluded. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic factors, physical activity, dietary habits, smoking, and perceived stress. Blood pressure was recorded using standard protocols, and body mass index and waist circumference were measured. Chi-square tests assessed associations between blood pressure and risk factors, while logistic regression identified independent predictors. Results: The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension was 34.8% and 29.6%, respectively. Overweight and obesity were found in 36.0% and 28.8% of participants, respectively, while central obesity affected 42.0% of participants. Elevated blood pressure was more common among males, employees over 40 years old, those with a higher body mass index, and those with low physical activity. Logistic regression identified obesity, central obesity, age, and perceived stress as independent predictors (p<0.05). Conclusion: A high prevalence of hypertension and obesity exists among banking employees in Lahore. Workplace-based interventions that promote regular screening, physical activity, and stress management are essential for reducing cardiovascular risk.